The website’s server hit a bug. Not you.
Cloudflare reached the website, but the website’s own software failed while building the page. If the site is overloaded it clears in minutes. If it is a bug, it lasts until the owner fixes it.
Nothing on your side causes this. VPN, cookies and browser do not matter here.
Read the origin’s error log; Cloudflare only passes the 500 through. Fix the application, and consider showing a custom error page.
Cloudflare’s documentation